一 | DUBAI, United Arab Emirates -- While revealing new details about one of the most famed CIA operations of all times — the spiriting out of six American diplomats who escaped the 1979 U.S. Embassy seizure in Iran — the intelligence agency for the first time has acknowledged something else as well.The CIA now officially describes the 1953 coup it backed in Iran that overthrew its prime minister and cemented the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as undemocratic.Other American officials have made similar remarks in the past, but the CIA's acknowledgment in a podcast about the agency's history comes as much of its official history of the coup remains classified 70 years after the putsch. That complicates the public's understanding of an event that still resonates, as tensions remain high between Tehran and Washington over the Islamic Republic's rapidly advancing nuclear program, its aiding of militia groups across the Mideast and as it cracks down on dissent. The “CIA’s leadership is committed to being as open with the public as possible," the agency said in a statement responding to questions from The Associated Press. "The agency’s podcast is part of that effort — and we knew that if we wanted to tell this incredible story, it was important to be transparent about the historical context surrounding these events, and CIA’s role in it.”In response to questions from the AP, Iran's mission to the United Nations described the 1953 coup as marking “the inception of relentless American meddling in Iran’s internal affairs” and dismissed the U.S. acknowledgments.“The U.S. admission never translated into compensatory action or a genuine commitment to refrain from future interference, nor did it change its subversive policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran,” the mission said in a statement. The CIA's podcast, called “The Langley Files” as its headquarters is based in Langley, Virginia, focused two recent episodes on the story of the six American diplomats' escape. While hiding at the home of the Canadian ambassador to Iran, a two-man CIA team entered Tehran and helped them fly out of the country while pretending to be members of a crew scouting for a made-up science fiction film.The caper, retold in the 2012 Academy Award-winning film “Argo” directed by and starring Ben Affleck, offered a dramatized version of the operation, with Affleck playing the late CIA officer Antonio “Tony” Mendez. The podcast for the first time identified the second CIA officer who accompanied Mendez, naming him as agency linguist and exfiltration specialist Ed Johnson. He previously only had been known publicly by the pseudonym “Julio.”“Working with the six — these are rookies," Johnson recounts in an interview aired by the podcast. "They were people who were not trained to lie to authorities. They weren’t trained to be clandestine, elusive.” But in the podcast, another brief exchange focuses on the 1953 coup.In it, CIA spokesman and podcast host Walter Trosin cites the claims of agency historians that the majority of the CIA’s clandestine activities in its history “bolstered” popularly elected governments.“We should acknowledge, though, that this is, therefore, a really significant exception to that rule,” Trosin says of the 1953 coup.CIA historian Brent Geary, appearing on the podcast, agrees.“This is one of the exceptions to that," Geary says.Seven decades later, the 1953 coup remains as hotly debated as ever by Iran, its theocratic government, historians and others. Iran's hard-line state television spent hours discussing the coup that toppled Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh on its anniversary in June. In their telling, a straight line leads from the coup to the 1979 Islamic Revolution that ultimately toppled the fatally ill shah. It still fuels the anti-Americanism that colors decisions made by the theocracy, whether in arming Russia in its war on Ukraine or alleging without evidence that Washington fomented the recent nationwide mass protests targeting it. From the U.S. side, the CIA's hand in the coup quickly was revealed as a success of Cold War espionage, though historians in recent years have debated just how much influence the agency's actions had. It also led the CIA into a series of further coups in other countries, including Guatemala, where American clandestine action in 1954 installed a military dictator and sparked a 40-year civil war that likely killed some 245,000 people.That's led to an American political reappraisal of the 1953 CIA action in Iran. Then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright acknowledged the U.S.' "significant role" in the coup in 2000. President Barack Obama, speaking in Cairo in 2009, described the CIA's work as leading to the “overthrow of a democratically elected Iranian government.” But largely absent from the discussion was the CIA itself. After years of conflicting versions of the coup both in public and classified papers, a member of the CIA's own in-house team of historians wrote a reappraisal of the operation in a 1998 paper titled “Zendebad, Shah!” in Farsi — or “Long Live the Shah!”But despite a series of American historical documents being made public, including a major tranche of State Department papers in 2017, large portions of that CIA reappraisal remain heavily redacted despite attempts to legally pry them loose by the George Washington University-based National Security Archive. That's even after pledges by former agency directors Robert Gates and James Woolsey Jr. in the 1990s to release documents from that coup and others engineered by the agency. Further complicating any historical reckoning is the CIA's own admission that many files related to the 1953 coup likely had been destroyed in the 1960s.“It’s wrong to suggest that the coup operation itself has been fully declassified. Far from it," said Malcolm Byrne of the National Security Archive. "Important parts of the record are still being withheld, which only contributes to public confusion and encourages myth-making about the U.S. role long after the fact.”。 近期中药材价格上涨再次引发关注！▲中药药用植物，山茱萸 图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄从去年以来中药材价格呈现出了普涨的态势部分中药材价格更是成倍地上涨猫爪草价格大涨近10倍 据央视财经报道，安徽亳州的中药材市场是全国规模最大的中药材交易中心，每天有超过2800种中药材在这里交易。 不少采购商表示，近一段时间，不少用处广泛的大宗药材价格都在上涨。 采购商：白术、丹皮和白芍，这几样涨得还是比较厉害的，白术去年在每公斤60元左右，今年选货每公斤180元左右。
二 | 尽管价格上涨幅度不小，但这些药材的市场热度依然很高。 安徽药材经销商：这一年之间，白术断断续续每公斤涨了100元左右。2023年初是每公斤30元到35元之间，现在是每公斤150元到200元之间。 不仅是常见的药材价格普遍上涨，一些冷门的小众药材价格也水涨船高。一种名叫猫爪草的药材是近期市场内涨价幅度最大的品种， 价格同比上涨八倍到十倍。 央视记者了解到，近年来，随着海外市场对中药材认可度的持续提升，中药材的出口也呈现出一定的增长趋势，据亳州海关统计，2024年前2个月，亳州市中药材出口货值8516.3万元，增长15.0%。 安徽亳州某药企总经理 王鹏：2023年企业整体出口650万美元左右，今年第一季度已经达到了300万美元，预计今年出口额要增长50%左右。 炒黄金竟然不如炒白术？ 白术是常见大宗中药材，具有补脾健胃、燥湿利水、止汗安胎等多项药用功能。 一位安国中药材批发交易市场人员介绍，“白术前两年是17—20元/公斤，24年1月是70—80元/公斤，3月是160—170元/公斤，4月是180—200元/公斤，现在已经突破200元/公斤了；像蝉蜕也是从700—800元/公斤涨到1100/公斤了；还有这几天比较动荡的是黄芪、栀子、沙苑子，其中沙苑子之前从200多/公斤降到60/公斤，这两天又开始涨了起来，不知道是什么原因，没有规律，自从疫情以来，中药材动荡的比较厉害，而且涨价的比较多，一涨都是翻几倍的涨，突然一夜之间就开涨。”上涨也让中康云瓴中药产业大数据中心总经理、首席分析师贾海彬颇感意外：“2023年下半年，在中药材价格经历异常连续上涨后出现回落，预计要在2024年7月才会出现反弹。但中药材市场在2024年春节后就开始出现反弹，整体中药市场行情在2023年已在高位的情况下，较同期又上涨6.98%左右，其中的热点品种之一就是白术。” 白术批发价格的上涨，也传导至中下游的诊所和药店，直接影响到消费者。
三 | 湖南怀化地区的诊所经营人员阿鱼（化名）称，2023时，白术已涨了一倍有余。而2024年，白术的价格又继续上涨，目前已到175到210元一公斤，目前，阿鱼所在的诊所只在用户点名要用时才会进货。 广东地区的一位消费者表示，近期白术涨势很凶，他在批发市场以批发价拿货时一公斤不到100元，而在买完第二天就涨至140元。“炒黄金不如炒白术，到底是谁在后面操盘，我拿的还是批发价，一天一个价，不敢想象层层加价到其他消费者手上是什么价格！”▲中药材 图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄 据财联社报道，与去年业内人士整体看涨相比，对于今年的中药材市场行情，业内资深人士则预期的比较谨慎。 “高价的品种肯定不会涨了，但是一些低价品种可能会跟随市场上涨，还是有上涨机会的。”药商莉姐表达出了更加明确的看法。 药通网资讯主编郑智文认为：“中药材市场其实有明显的周期性，一般是三年涨，三年跌，三年平，大概十年一个周期，此轮中药材价格的上涨是从2020年前后开始的，参照历史经验的话，已经三年多了，理论上应当进入下行阶段了。当然在这个阶段中也会有中药材因为天气、供需等因素导致部分品种价格上涨，但是大的周期可能差不多了。” 也有人认为，当前市场环境与之前的周期相比出现较大变化，当前判断中药材市场进入下行阶段的论断仍为时尚早，亳州当地药商李松表示：“现在仍不断有资金进入市场，去年部分高价药材的买家也逐渐兑现，市场资金可能重新充裕起来。” “网售造假”猖獗 值得注意的是，就在今年3月末，据相关媒体报道，亳州被曝出中药材网售存在以次充好、以假乱真的情况。 一些劣质中药材或根本没有药用价值的食物，摇身一变成为某知名电商平台上销量火爆的“野生”“名贵”中药材。每公斤20元的扁豆，煮熟后染色冒充一公斤800多元的中药材酸枣仁；每公斤几十元的独活，使用硫磺熏蒸后，摇身一变成了“特级野生当归片”；更有甚者，从药厂回收已无药效的药渣，烘干后二次包装成正品药材销售。
四 | 据药智网统计，2023年中药材抽验不合格数量为551批次，同比2022年上升20%，不合格药材品种达208种，且中药材不合格数量在药品质量不合格统计中连续5年占比第一。 值得注意的是，部分中药材重复上榜且抽检不合格批次在增加。
五 | 山药的抽检不合格批次数量由2022年的9上升到了2023年的15。同样，2023年抽检不合格批次数量，对比2022年有所增加的品种有：五加皮，由8增至14；白鲜皮，由10增至13；净山楂，由8增至12。▲中药饮片和中药材粉末 图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄 在北京工作的中医医师指出，中药材造假频发，会扰乱中医药市场，挤压正品要价，造成劣币驱逐良币的现象。目前中药材市场不断扩大，药材供应需求也随之大量增加，这决定了当前药材基本都为量产，很难古法炮制。因此，种植产地、生长年限、炮制工艺等不完全可控的因素都会影响到中药材质量。 与此同时，中药材造假往往难以辨别。一名中药电商也表示，普通人网购中药材能不能买到真货全凭运气。上述中医医师也表示，中药材造假成本低，利益驱使中药材屡屡出现造假状况，即便中药材以次充好，民众服用也很少出事故，吃不好也吃不坏，这也是造成民众难以辨认的原因之一。
六 | “若非专业人士，辨认中药材都存在一定难度，绝大多数医师都做不到，民众辨别能力则更有限。同时，中医医师对中药的辨别能力也有限，多数都是老师傅们传授的经验，口耳相传，谈不上准则。”上述中医医师坦言。 （中国小康网微信公众号综合央视财经、每日经济新闻、财联社、舜网） 图源：央视新闻 编辑：武金洋 审核：田苑淯颖。
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