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不是后门是事故！Windows XP最火盗版密钥真相：微软自己泄露的_我的网站

A |     8月26日消息，前微软工程师Dave Plummer近日揭秘了Windows XP时代最著名的盗版密钥FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8的真实来源，这串字符并非黑客破解生成，而是一把泄露的企业批量授权密钥。    Windows XP是首款引入产品激活校验技术（WPA）的Windows系统，在此之前，用户安装系统只需输入产品密钥即可完成激活，没有额外校验。    WPA则在产品密钥基础上增加了硬件ID校验，安装时系统会生成一个基于主板、CPU、硬盘等硬件信息的硬件ID，将硬件ID与产品密钥一起发送到微软服务器验证。    Material brought back to Earth from an asteroid named Ryugu may provide clues on how the basic building blocks of life ended up on Earth.,How the building blocks required for all life on Earth got here remains a subject of debate among scientists, but asteroids bringing them here has long been a popular theory.,A new study looking at the 5.4 grams of material the Japanese Hatabusa2 probe returned to earth in 2020 after an eight year mission suggests that theory may hold some weight. The researchers, who hail from Japan and other countries, say they found organic material showing that amino acids, an essential building block for life on Earth, may have been formed in space.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT,They also say that the material may provide clues to how oceans were formed in the early stages of Earth’s history.,“Volatile and organic-rich C-type asteroids may have been one of the main sources of Earth's water," the study scientists say.,They further state that it is likely at least some of the volatiles (water and organic material) came from outside of the solar system, but that it is unlikely that it was the only source.,“Ryugu particles are undoubtedly among the most uncontaminated Solar System materials available for laboratory study and ongoing investigations of these precious samples will certainly expand our understanding of early Solar System processes," said the study’s authors.,Scientists will soon have more asteroid material to study. NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission collected a sample from a similar asteroid, named Bennu, which will return to Earth in 2023.。    如果密钥在另一台硬件配置不同的电脑上使用，就会被标记为盗版，这套机制有效阻止了单个零售密钥在多台电脑上重复使用。

B |          但微软同时为企业客户提供了另一套激活通道：批量授权密钥（VLK），毕竟拥有数千台电脑的企业不可能逐台输入密钥走激活流程，VLK允许企业跳过WPA的硬件校验环节直接批量激活。    微软信任购买了批量授权协议的企业不会将这些密钥外泄，因此VLK在设计上没有绑定硬件校验，而正是这一信任成为了整个事件的突破口。    Plummer表示，微软当时对企业客户的信任是激活设计中的关键假设，而这一假设被证明过于乐观。

C |          FCKGW这把密钥就是一把合法的企业VLK，某家企业的批量授权密钥流出后，有人将其与企业版安装镜像搭配使用，这串密钥随后在互联网上迅速传播，出现在无数刻录CD和预激活版Windows XP安装包中。    对于整整一代PC用户来说，FCKGW就是Windows XP密钥的代名词，甚至很多人不知道这串字符代表什么，只知道装系统时输入它就能用。          Windows XP于2001年8月24日交付OEM制造，距今已25年，微软当时对待盗版的态度与今天也是截然不同。

D |     2000年代初Windows是微软的现金牛，Office等产品的销售也依赖Windows的装机量，打击盗版直接关系到营收。    如今微软对Windows 11的盗版态度已大幅放宽，更关心的是用户是否留在Windows生态中，而非是否付费购买系统本身，激活工具在自家GitHub上就能搜到。         

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Published on:11:33:14